The ultimate objective of the energy transition is clear: decarbonizing the global energy system in order to achieve net-zero emissions. The ultimate replacement of hydrocarbons with renewable power will be fundamental to this process. For the transition to be successful, it is crucial to recognize that it must involve the managed decline of the existing energy status quo and a pivot towards a future state in a just manner. There are myriad challenges surrounding this, which are economic, social, institutional, environmental, and technical in nature, such as the misaligned market incentives for environmental externalities, the differences in priorities between developed and developing nations, and the globalization of trade. Consequently, one needs a common understanding of the drivers required to move beyond these challenges and towards a future energy state that is inclusive and just for all. 

While there has been broad progress on cleaner and, more sustainable energy, which has been driven by narratives on environmental and sustainability concerns, it has been accompanied by questions regarding the equity, inclusivity, and social acceptability of the transition. The speakers in this session will aim to address policy solutions towards more meaningful progress in the transition, one that simultaneously provides energy security and access, while also facilitating economic growth and development. This will require a reconciliation of approaches that reflect varied starting points for different actors, as well as diversity in policy approaches and priorities.