Recent attempts to create unified global frameworks for digital regulation have resulted in a fractured international landscape. The EU and other countries have pursued robust safety-oriented regulations, while the US Congress has generally favored market-driven approaches, although some administrations have pursued litigation. Autocratic regimes have implemented restrictive regulations, potentially compromising free speech and privacy; nevertheless, international bodies—such as the OECD; G20; G7; UNESCO—have continued collaboration efforts on digital economy norms, including AI and cybersecurity standards. 

The current Trump administration appears to be challenging these multilateral initiatives through unilateral actions, including threats of tariffs. In February 2025, it directed a reinvestigation of digital services taxes in European countries and scrutiny of EU digital regulations, which the administration considered potentially discriminatory against US technology companies. The administration also reversed cautious AI policies in favor of accelerated innovation. The international response has been one of concern, and conflict over digital sovereignty may continue to intensify across multiple regions. 

The session will explore likely responses from major players, middle powers and implications for consumers. The session will also consider whether a move to fully empowered consumers rather than mere government regulation could be a less conflictual path to guiding the digital economy, potential impact for global innovation, competition, consumer protection, and consequences for non-liberal regimes.