Global economic governance is being reshaped by a renewed focus on power, resilience, and strategic autonomy. From industrial policy to supply chains and technological competition, both the G7 and G20 governments are prioritising economic security. Yet these strategies underline a structural constraint: no major economy can secure its future in isolation.

Efforts to reduce dependence — through reshoring, diversification, or control over critical inputs — risk deepening fragmentation, widening macroeconomic imbalances, and constraining growth. At the same time, weaker growth prospects, rising debt stress, and tighter development finance are limiting the capacity to fund the industrial, digital, and green transitions needed for long-term stability.

This session reframes international cooperation as a functional requirement for economic security in an interdependent world, not just a normative ambition. Bringing together representatives from the Think20 and Think7 Troika, the discussion will focus on key pressure points where tensions are most acute and where cooperation remains necessary: industrial policy coordination, critical minerals value chains, and development finance.

The emphasis is on implementation: how priorities advanced through Global South-led G20 processes can be sustained and adapted under new geopolitical and economic constraints, and how policy and civil society communities can move from analysis to action by aligning frameworks and developing practical tools that carry across the US G20, the French G7, and the incoming UK G20.